[PDF] Advanced Topics on Three-dimensional Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (2016) by Edward Araujo Júnior, Wellington de Paula Martins

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Despite the fact that the beginning of 3-dimensional ultrasound was anything but easy, the past 26 years have shown that 3-dimensional/4-dimensional ultrasonography (3D/4D US) has experienced a tremendous development. In particular 3D/4D US has found widespread acceptance around the world since we organized the First World Congress for 3D Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology held in Mainz, Germany, in 1997. In the meantime 3D/4D ultra-sound has evolved into a powerful technique that can be integrated in every routine ultra-sound examination. In contrast to conventional 2-dimensional (2D) US that only allows imaging of single planes, 3D/4D US offers several render modes, image displays and storage capabilities that do not exist in 2D imaging. The most recent 3D/4D ultrasound technology facilitates 3D/4D ultrasound examinations even for the less experienced operator. There is no doubt that 3D/4D scanning requires a learning curve. However, once the principles and benefits of 3D/4D ultrasound are apprehended, the examiner has the opportunity to identify precisely normal and abnormal fetal or gynecological structures in the most appropriate imaging mode. It seemed evident therefore that given the many advances that had occurred in the last few years there was a need for a new 3D/4D textbook.

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