Congenital NLD Obstruction – Hasner’s and Others (2020) Unknown

Description

Analysis of congenital nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction, focusing on anatomy (Hasner’s valve), embryonic development, various anomalies (dacryostenosis, punctal atresia), clinical presentations, diagnostic methods (DDT), and a detailed treatment armamentarium including massage, probing, silicone intubation, Balloon Dacryocystoplasty (DCP), and Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR).