Leptospirosis – nature reviews disease primers (2025) Senaka Rajapakse

Description

Analysis of leptospirosis, a globally prevalent zoonotic bacterial infection caused by pathogenic Leptospira. It covers global burden (estimated 1 million cases and 60,000 deaths annually), variable severity, poorly understood pathogenesis (linked to cytokine storm), treatment protocols (early antibiotics vs. late supportive care), limited prevention options (few human vaccines, lack of confirmed prophylactic efficacy), and future research needs regarding burden estimation, diagnostics, and targeted immunotherapies.