Ophthalmic Manifestations of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) (2023) Ahmed Mahmoud Amin

Description

A comprehensive analysis of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), focusing on its manifestation in the eye. The text covers the definition of this systemic granulomatous vasculitis, its incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, complications (especially visual loss), differential diagnosis, and detailed investigations including ocular techniques (FFA, OCT-A, UBM) and non-ocular diagnostics (ESR, CRP, Doppler U/S, MRI, PET scan, and temporal artery biopsy). The work emphasizes GCA as a critical ophthalmic medical emergency and outlines treatment and follow-up protocols, incorporating the 2022 ACR/EULAR classification criteria.