AMD An Overview of Clinical Forms – Thea () by Oudy Semoun PDF

Description

This book has been written by the ophthalmology department team at Créteil Intercommunal Hospital. It aims to cover the full range of clinical knowledge on age- related macular degeneration. Recent years have seen an increase in our understanding of the importance of the genetic origins of AMD, along with the impact of environmental and nutritional factors. Macular imaging has become multimodal, with colour and Multicolor® photographs, autofluorescence and infrared photographs, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, OCTA, spectral-domain OCT, EDI-OCT, and wide-field and ultra- wide-field imaging. The information obtained from these new forms of imaging has required us to revisit the group of diseases categorised as “age-related macular degeneration”, resulting in an even greater refinement of the associated clinical description and changes to the AMD classification system. Pigment epithelial detachment covers a spectrum of entities with different semiology and prognosis, including serous PED, fibrovascular PED, wrinkled PED and fibrous PED, among others. Fibrosis and atrophy underlying neovascularization are no longer occult, but better described and better detected. Finally, EDI-OCT has enabled us to differentiate between different pachychoroid diseases, including retinal pigment epitheliopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, polypoidal vasculopathy and adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy. Atrophic AMD is starting to appear in therapeutic considerations of the disease, and the clinical forms of the various entities included under this term are gradually being described. The final piece of the puzzle is longitudinal patient monitoring, both prospective and retrospective. The technique of eye tracking has been hugely significant in optimising patient monitoring, both in terms of the natural history of the disease and after treatment, primarily via OCT.

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