Endocrinology and Metabolism – Pancreatic Physiology and Diabetes Mellitus (2025) Medical Review Board

Description

A comprehensive analysis of the pancreas, focusing on the Islet of Langerhans, cell types (Alpha, Beta, Delta), and hormone function, especially insulin synthesis. The document provides a detailed comparison between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (onset, prevalence, etiology, autoantibodies) and outlines the definition, incidence, and major complications of long-standing DM, including microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy) and macrovascular disorders.