Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) – Diagnosis, Classification, and Management Principles (2023) Unknown

Description

A comprehensive overview of Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy (TAO/TED), discussing differential diagnoses (Sarcoidosis, GPA, IgG4), clinical signs (Von Graefe’s, Lagophthalmos), EOM characteristics on imaging (smooth, spindle-shaped, tendon sparing), severity/activity classification systems (NOSPECS, CAS), risk factors, systemic management, and the Rundle’s curve analogy for treatment timing.